Courant
Maximum au centre, presque nul aux extrémités.
Fundamental antenna
The half-wave dipole is the reference antenna in radio engineering. Simple, balanced and efficient, it forms the basis of many more complex antennas.
The dipole consists of two approximately identical conductors fed at the centre. At resonance, current is highest at the feed point and nearly zero at the ends. Voltage follows the opposite distribution.
Maximum au centre, presque nul aux extrémités.
Faible au centre et élevée aux extrémités.
Environ 73 Ω en espace libre et souvent 50 à 75 Ω en installation réelle.
The actual length is slightly shorter than half a free-space wavelength because of conductor diameter, insulation, surroundings and end effects.
Longueur totale en mètres ≈ 143 / fréquence en MHz
Longueur de chaque brin ≈ 71,5 / fréquence en MHz
| Bande | Fréquence de calcul | Longueur totale | Chaque brin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 160 m | 1,850 MHz | 77,30 m | 38,65 m |
| 80 m | 3,650 MHz | 39,18 m | 19,59 m |
| 60 m | 5,350 MHz | 26,73 m | 13,36 m |
| 40 m | 7,100 MHz | 20,14 m | 10,07 m |
| 30 m | 10,120 MHz | 14,13 m | 7,07 m |
| 20 m | 14,150 MHz | 10,11 m | 5,05 m |
| 17 m | 18,100 MHz | 7,90 m | 3,95 m |
| 15 m | 21,200 MHz | 6,75 m | 3,37 m |
| 12 m | 24,950 MHz | 5,73 m | 2,87 m |
| 10 m | 28,500 MHz | 5,02 m | 2,51 m |
| 6 m | 50,200 MHz | 2,85 m | 1,42 m |
In free space, maximum radiation is perpendicular to the wire and minimum radiation is along its axis. Above ground, the take-off angle mainly depends on height expressed in wavelengths.
Rayonnement principalement perpendiculaire au fil. Polarisation horizontale.
Un seul support central. Impédance généralement plus faible et diagramme plus omnidirectionnel.
Installation inclinée produisant une polarisation mixte et un diagramme asymétrique.
Cut two legs slightly longer than calculated, typically by 2 to 5 percent.
Connect both legs to a strong centre insulator or a balun enclosure.
A current balun or choke reduces common-mode current on the outside of the coax.
Place the dipole in its final configuration before meaningful measurement.
Check resonant frequency, SWR and impedance with a NanoVNA.
Shorten both legs equally in small increments until the desired frequency is reached.
Heinrich Hertz’s radiating devices of the late 1880s were closely related to the electric dipole. The dipole later became the theoretical reference used for gain expressed in dBd.
The ends carry high RF voltage. Keep them out of reach and away from conductive materials. The wire and supports must never be able to reach a power line.